Demain , Nutrition of Bascillus brevis ATCC 9999, the producer of
gramicidin S in : Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy, Vol.
Activity of PSII+PSI was assayed with diphenylcarbazide (DPC) as the electron donor and MV as the acceptor in 60 mM NaCl, 40 mM Tricine-KOH (pH 8.0), 4 mM Mg[Cl.sub.2], 4 mM DPC, 0.5 mM ascorbate, 2.0 [micro]M
gramicidin, 1.0 mM NA[N.sub.3], and 25 [micro]M MV with 100 units m[L.sup.-1] superoxide dismutase.
The fluorescence ratio of a single cell was recorded in normal Ringer's, followed by application of 10 [[micro]molar]
gramicidin, an ionophore that inserts into the plasma membrane forming a pore permeable to small ions.
They discovered that the new nanotubes conducted ions as effectively as the eight-ringed ones and more efficiently than
gramicidin A, a natural peptide channel with antibiotic properties.
The artificial membrane is studded with synthetic ion channels, based on the design of a natural ion-channel made of a polypeptide called
gramicidin A, found in the common soil-dwelling microbe Bacterium brevis.
Albeit there are a few patch-clamp studies on granulocytes which provide valuable information, they can be associated with possible limitations as electrophysical measurements in neutrophils are difficult by nature, for example, description of NADPH oxidase of other cells (eosinophils [16, 19, 24], the granulocytic cell line HL-60 [21, 22], or macrophages [15]), application of intracellular milieu changing ionophores (e.g., valinomycin,
gramicidin, and amphotericin) [11, 18, 23], or the use of enucleated neutrophils [17, 20].
Topical therapy of triple-antibiotic (neomycin, polymyxin B sulfates, and
gramicidin) ophthalmic solution was administered q 6-8 h along with meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg SC once, then 0.5 mg/kg PO q24h) systemically for pain.