Five main compounds of [beta]-boswellic acid, 3[alpha]-acetoxy-tirucall7,24-dien-21- oic acid, 3-acetyl-11-keto-[beta]-boswellic acid, 3-keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid, and abietic acid in the WFM were identified and determined by the UHPLC-TQ/ MS method (Figure 2).
By comparing the characterization of tR, Amax, and m/z with standard compounds, [beta]-boswellic acid, 3a-acetoxy- tirucall-7,24-dien-21-oic acid, 3-aectyl-11-keto-[beta]-boswellic acid, 3-keto-tirucall-8,24-dien-21-oic acid, and abietic acid were used as the marker to identify the WFM.
Analytes Ionization MRM transitions mode (precursor-product) [beta]-Boswellic acid [ES.sup.-] 455.415 [right arrow] 377.356 3[alpha]-Acetoxy- [ES.sup.+] 455.479 [right arrow] 437.426 tirucall-7,24- dien-21-oic acid 3-Acetyl-11-keto-[beta]- [ES.sup.+] 513.479 [right arrow] 95.06 boswellic acid 3-Keto-tirucall-8,24- [ES.sup.+] 455.479 [right arrow] 133.112 dien-21- oic acid Abietic acid [ES.sup.+] 303.287 [right arrow] 93.109 Analytes Cone voltage Collision energy (V) (eV) [beta]-Boswellic acid 44 30 3[alpha]-Acetoxy- 14 8 tirucall-7,24- dien-21-oic acid 3-Acetyl-11-keto-[beta]- 40 42 boswellic acid 3-Keto-tirucall-8,24- 14 36 dien-21- oic acid Abietic acid 16 30
(12.) Erciyes, AT, Kabasakal, OS, Guner, FS, "Use of Methylolated
Abietic Acid and Toluene Diisocyanate in the Modification of Triglyceride Oils." J.
Genotoxicity of [beta]-sitosterol (0-32mg x [1.sup.-1]), stigmasterol (0-32mg x [1.sup.-1]), abietic acid (0-25mg x [1.sup.-1]), effluent (0-0.5mg.
Both the activated sludge system and the aerated lagoon were able to totally remove abietic acid. However, removal of sterols only achieved an efficiency of ~100% in the AS reactor, the AL system reaching an efficiency of 40%.
Firstly, the genotoxic effects of different concentrations of [beta]-sitosterol, stigmasterol and abietic acid were , determined (Table III).
The high efficiencies of abietic acid removal obtained in this work agree with those found by other authors using either aerobic lagoons (Zender et al., 1994; Belmonte et al., 2006) or activated sludge reactors (Kostamo and Kukkonen, 2003).
The results indicate that toxicity of BKME could not be explained by the presence of abietic acid and sterols.
Some resin acids (e.g., abietic acid) are very unstable in air (Tanaka et al., 1997).
Rosin contains approximately 80% abietane-type diterpenoids and 20% pimarane-type diterpenoids, and its main constituent is abietic acid. However, abietic acid is very unstable in air (Tanaka et al., 1997).