Is
electrophilic or can be Parent compound or metabolite with metabolically activated an
electrophilic structure (e.g., epoxide, quinone, etc.), formation of DNA and protein adducts.
This behavior can be understood considering that both [O.sub.3] and HO* present a strong
electrophilic nature, which considerably facilitates the attack at the chromophore centers.
Furan groups may also participate in the polymerization mechanism through
electrophilic substitution reactions, as reported in previous work involving the polymerization of benzoxazines containing furan groups [22, 24].
In this figure, the color code red to yellow indicates regions of low electrostatic potential and is related to
electrophilic reactivity, while blue to green indicates regions of high electrostatic potential related to nucleophilic reactivity sites.
The maximum values of relative nucleophilicity index ([s.sup.+.sub.k]/[s.sup.-.sub.k]) and relative electrophilicity index ([s.sup.-.sub.k]/[s.sup.+.sub.k]) are used to define, respectively, the probable sites of nucleophilic and
electrophilic attacks.
We proposed that the furan group of LIM played an important role in the LIM-induced inhibition of the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters, and specifically this LIM is metabolized to the corresponding cis-enedial (Scheme 1, cisenedial 3), and the resulting
electrophilic metabolites are responsible for the quench of many drug-metabolizing enzyme activities.
It can be easily seen from the results for the dual descriptor [DELTA]f (r) in Figure 3 that C13 will be the preferred site for a nucleophilic attack and that this atom will act as an
electrophilic species in a chemical reaction.
[P.sup.-](r)= [[rho].sub.s.sup.rc] (r) for
electrophilic attacks (6)
There are negative charges on nitrogen atoms, [C.sub.2] and [C.sub.4,] and positive charges on [C.sub.1], [C.sub.3] and [C.sub.5,] showing no difference with which have been known that
electrophilic substitution reaction (e.g.
Accumulating evidence suggests that redox reactive species, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and other
electrophilic molecules, serve as signaling molecules that regulate biological and physiological processes.
Formation and signaling actions of
electrophilic lipids.
Through conjugation with glutathion, it functions in the detoxification of environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress,
electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens and therapeutic drugs.