The spectrum of ID, iron sufficiency and
iron overload in BTT implies that there might not be a singular mechanism of iron balance.
Iron overload plays a main role in cardiac dysfunction; though genetics, immunologic factors, infections and chronic anemia are also responsible.
Iron overload cardiomyopathy: Better understanding of an increasing disorder.
The gold standard for the diagnosis of hepatic
iron overload is a liver biopsy.
Iron overload produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to impairment of cellular function and multiple disorders as anemia, heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney injury, fibrosis, diabetes, arthritis, depression, impotency, infertility, and cancer [5].
Liver transplantation provides a unique opportunity to elucidate the role of the liver and the intestine in the pathogenesis of
iron overload in HH ([4] Dwyer JP).
Some clinical evidence indicates that iron chelation therapy (ICT) can improve hematopoiesis and exert a survival benefit in
iron overload patients with low-risk MDS (18-22).
Early symptoms of
iron overload include fatigue, weakness, joint pains (especially in the hands and feet), abdominal pain, discoloured skin, impotency, loss of libido, shortness of breath, hair loss, forgetfulness, irritability, and menstrual problems.
T4 in all four thalassemic groups had a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin (P13 years female had a significant positive correlation with BMI, ferritin and hemoglobin (P1000 ng/ml lead to
iron overload in various organ like heart, liver and endocrine gland (Olivieri and Brittenham, 1997; Vichinsky, 2001).
As hepcidin is an acute-phase reactant; its expression is raised in conditions of inflammation and
iron overload (Balogh et al., 2004; Krijt et al., 2012;
In fact, the initial and most common abnormality seen in
iron overload conditions is liver insulin resistance.