However, discontinuous single tumor nodule will be upstaged to M1b if its location is beyond the
parietal pleura, such as in the chest wall or in the diaphragm, and M1c if tumors are multiple (5).
Volume of pleural effusion = (distance between visceral and
parietal pleura in mm) x 20.
The cryoprobe tip was applied to the area of
parietal pleura to be biopsied, and the cryoprobe was activated for ~3 s by a foot-switch activation mechanism.
White arrows indicate severe adhesion by fibrin between the
parietal pleura (X) and the pulmonary pleura (Y).
Parietal pleura lipoma: a rare intrathoracic tumor.
SFT typically appear as masses abutting the pleura; most often arising from the lung visceral pleura ([approximately equal to]80% of cases) (13), but occasionally with apparent origins from the mediastinal ([approximately equal to]1-8% of cases) or
parietal pleura (2,12,13,16,17).
In this specific case, pneumomediastinum was accompanied by diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, due to laceration of the visceral and
parietal pleura and the adjacent lung parenchyma.
(20) Approximately 60% of tumors from the visceral pleura and 30% from the
parietal pleura are pedunculated.
Pneumothorax is defined as air between the visceral and the
parietal pleura. It can be quickly life-threatening.[sup][36] Because of the mechanism of pneumothorax, the movement of the visceral pleura on the
parietal pleura cannot be seen because they fill with air.
Several diffuse, non-encapsulated, whitish spots were superficially scattered throughout the lungs and the
parietal pleura. No lesions were observed in the upper respiratory tract or in other organs.
This air can be seen under the skin, surrounding the pericardium, around the pulmonary and/or aortic vasculature, and/or between the
parietal pleura and diaphragm.