proenzyme

[prō′en‚zīm]

(biochemistry)

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Proenzyme

(also proferment, zymogen, preenzyme), an inactive precursor of enzymes. Proenzymes form during the biosynthesis of enzymes. They are converted into active enzymes following limited proteolysis. The fission of usually one of the peptide bonds of the proenzyme molecule, which results in a partial structural change in the molecule, leads to the formation of the enzyme’s active center. Many proteolytics that are present in animals and bacteria, as well as phospholipase, are synthesized as proenzymes. Typical proenzymes include pepsinogen, trypsinogen, and prothrombin. Proenzymes are biologically important because they inhibit premature enzymatic activity in those cells and tissues where there is enzyme biosynthesis.

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References in periodicals archive

Phenoloxidase in larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidea): molecular cloning of the proenzyme cDNA and enzyme activity in larvae paralyzed and parasitized by Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Functional and phylogenetic analyses of phenoloxidases from brachyuran (Cancer magister) and branchiopod (Artemia franciscana, Triops longicaudatus) crustaceans

In the present work we describe a convenient, rapid, and sensitive method for detection of BACE-1 activity in biological samples, based on immunocapture with a specific BACE-1--binding antibody and a sensitive 2-step detection method based on activation of an engineered proenzyme. The detection limit of this method corresponds to the activity of 0.02 [micro]L active recombinant BACE-1.

Detection of a soluble form of BACE-1 in human cerebrospinal fluid by a sensitive activity assay

PRP is a solution for intravenous administration of a combination of two pancreatic proenzymes trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen that seeks to prevent recurrence and metastasis from solid tumors.

Two Propanc Biopharma Anti-Cancer Stem Cell Therapy Patents Enter National Phase

The additional composition claims are a continuation from the original foundation patent in the U.S., and as a result, both method of treatment and composition claims now protects the Company's lead product candidate, PRP, a pharmaceutical composition consisting of two proenzymes, trypinsogen and chymotrypsinogen, for treating cancer.

PROPANC BIOPHARMA GRANTED US PATENT FOR PRP

Caspase is synthesized as an inactive proenzyme (zymogen) in living cells.

Mechanistic effect of the human GJB6 gene and its mutations in HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis

Three enzymes derived from pancreatic acinar cellsamylase, lipase and the proenzyme trypsinogen have been tested as biochemical markers of acute pancreatitis; and although elevated serum pancreatic enzymes support clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, numerous reports however describe the lack of usefulness of serum enzyme levels to determine the prognosis in acute pancreatitis as well.

LEVELS OF S. LIPASE AND S. AMYLASE IN ASSESSING SEVERITY AND CAUSE OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS

The proenzyme is secreted and autocatalytically activated after cleavage of the signal peptide.

The Role of Microbial Aspartic Protease Enzyme in Food and Beverage Industries

In studies of AML blasts, it has been shown that cases with much stronger positivity by FCM than by EC produce relatively more of the MPO proenzyme than active enzyme.

Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia: Diagnostic Criteria and Pitfalls

Cathepsins are also responsible for inhibition of the proteolytic function until the proenzyme reaches the lysosome (Cygler and Mort, 1997).

A Recurrent Mutation in CTSK Gene is Responsible for Autosomal Recessive Pycnodysostosis in Consanguineous Pakistani Families

(2011) Group X secreted phospholipase [A.sub.2] proenzyme is matured by a furin-like proprotein convertase and releases arachidonic acid inside of human HEK293 cells.

Lipoquality control by phospholipase [A.sub.2] enzymes