projection

projection

1. the representation of a line, figure, or solid on a given plane as it would be seen from a particular direction or in accordance with an accepted set of rules

2. 

a. the process of showing film on a screen

b. the image or images shown

3. Psychol

a. the belief, esp in children, that others share one's subjective mental life

b. the process of projecting one's own hidden desires and impulses

4. the mixing by alchemists of powdered philosopher's stone with molten base metals in order to transmute them into gold

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

Projection

Any component, member, or part that juts out from a building; in masonry construction, stones or bricks that are set forward off the general wall surface to provide a rugged or rustic appearance.

Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture Copyright © 2012, 2002, 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Projection

(dreams)

Although many aspects of the personality theory formulated by Sigmund Freud have been rejected by contemporary analysts, Freud was nevertheless responsible for a significant number of insights into human nature that have been generally accepted. Among these insights are the Freudian “defense mechanisms,” one of which is projection. In projection, a certain urge we are repressing is projected onto another person or group of people. A familiar example is the sexually repressed person who perceives other groups of people (e.g., racial minorities) as being obsessed by sex, whereas in actuality it is the repressed individual who is obsessed by sex. A roughly similar process takes place in dreams.

According to Freud, dreams provide an avenue for the expression of normally repressed desires while simultaneously disguising and censoring our real urges. In this view, the purpose of dreams is to allow us to satisfy in fantasies the instinctual urges that society judges to be unacceptable, such as the urge to go to bed with every attractive member of the opposite sex. If, however, we were to dream about actually having intercourse, the emotions evoked by the dream would wake us up. So that our sleep is not continually disturbed by such dreams, the mind modifies and disguises the content of our dreams so that strong emotions are not evoked. For example, if a man is attracted to someone who is unavailable for sexual relations, he might dream about taking a train ride through a tunnel while seated next to the woman.

The Dream Encyclopedia, Second Edition © 2009 Visible Ink Press®. All rights reserved.

projection

[prə′jek·shən]

(mapping)

A system for presenting on a plane surface the spherical surface of the earth or the celestial sphere; some of these systems are conic, cylindrical, gnomonic, Mercator, orthographic, and stereographic. Also known as map projection.

(mathematics)

The continuous map for a fiber bundle.

Geometrically, the image of a geometric object or vector superimposed on some other.

A linear map P from a linear space to itself such that P ° P is equal to P.

(psychology)

Ascribing one's motives to someone else to disguise a source of conflict in oneself.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

projection

1. In masonry, stones which are set forward of the general wall surface to provide a rugged or rustic appearance.

2. Any component, member, or part which juts out from a building.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

projection

In cartography, any systematic arrangement of parallels and meridians portraying a quasispherical planetary surface on a plane of a map. See Mercator map projection, Lambert conformal conic map projection, and international modified polyconic projection.

An Illustrated Dictionary of Aviation Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

projection

(theory)

In domain theory, a function, f, which is (a) idempotent, i.e. f(f(x))=f(x) and (b) whose result is no more defined than its argument. E.g. F(x)=bottom or F(x)=x.

In reduction systems, a function which returns some component of its argument. E.g. head, tail, \ (x,y) . x. In a graph reduction system the function can just return a pointer to part of its argument and does not need to build any new graph.

This article is provided by FOLDOC - Free Online Dictionary of Computing (foldoc.org)

front-projection TV

A device that projects TV onto a white or silver fabric screen that is wall, ceiling or tripod mounted. It uses the same types of technologies as data projectors, which accept computer output, but projection TVs are designed to process standard and high-definition TV signals. Many units can do both.

Front-projection TVs are used in home theaters, and high-end units can display an excellent image on 8-foot and 10-foot screens. When built into the room, the screen may be fixed on the wall or dropped from the ceiling by remote control. The projector is either ceiling hung or mounted high up on the opposite wall. For projection technologies (CRT, LCD, etc.), see rear-projection TV. See data projector.

Front Projection Screen Size Can Be Changed
Front-projection TVs can change their screen size by replacing the screen and moving the unit closer or farther away. In contrast, screens in rear-projection units are fixed in size.

Front vs. Rear Projection

Front-projection TVs require a separate screen several feet from the unit, while rear-projection TVs are self-contained. However, front projectors can create a much larger image than rear-projection systems, and the screen size is flexible.

High-End Home Theater

Ceiling-mounted, front-projection units are used in the most elaborate home theaters and display the largest images possible.

Front Projection with CRTs

The first projectors, both front and rear, used CRTs, and, although mostly replaced, continue to provide excellent quality. This 2006 home theater installation used a Zenith 1200 to project onto a 9-foot screen. Although sold as a Zenith product, it was actually a repackaged, high-end Barco projector with an MSRP of $30,000 in 2001. (Images courtesy of Kal of CurtPalme.com)

---

LCD panel

(1) The primary component (the screen) in an LCD monitor or TV. The term panel is widely used in the LCD manufacturing industry. See LCD.

(2) An LCD monitor or TV. See LCD monitor and LCD TV.

(3) An earlier type of data projection system that required an overhead projector. Also called a "projection panel," it accepted output from the computer and displayed it on a transparent LCD screen placed on top of the projector. See data projector.

LCD Panel

LCD panels were an interim technology between the big and bulky tube projectors and today's compact LCD and DLP units. See data projector.

---

rear-projection TV

An earlier large-screen TV set that has employed one of several technologies for generating the image. Rear-projection TVs (RPTVs) were developed to extend the size of a TV screen beyond the CRT TV, which for all practical purposes maxed out at 36". Introduced in the 1970s and very popular throughout the 1980s and 1990s, at the end of 2012, Mitsubishi, the only remaining vendor of RPTVs, ceased production of its DLP-based 82" and 92" sets (for a novel rear-projection device, see SPUD).

Although RPTVs were still bulky, no CRT TV could have been built with as large a screen. Using mirrors and lenses, the projected image was flipped up and over rather than straight toward the screen.

The Largest Screen for the Money
Early rear-projection systems suffered from a narrow viewing angle. Because the screen itself was a lens, standing up or walking off to the side dramatically changed the brightness. Although newer sets had wider viewing angles and were the only large-screen TVs available for many years, they were nowhere near as visually dazzling as the flat TVs that followed. See viewing angle.

Rear vs. Front Projection
RPTVs were a fixed size, whereas front projectors can change their screen dimension by changing the external screen and repositioning the unit (see front-projection TV). See microdisplay, plasma, LCD and video/TV history.

Rear Screen vs. Front Screen

Rear-projection systems are self-contained, whereas front-projection systems use a separate screen several feet from the unit.

It All Started With CRT Guns

The first RPTVs used three 7" CRTs to generate red, green and blue light. This 64" set was two feet deep, but a CRT TV that size would have been too costly to build and too big to transport.

It All Started With CRT Guns

The first RPTVs used three 7" CRTs to generate red, green and blue light. This 64" set was two feet deep, but a CRT TV that size would have been too costly to build and too big to transport.

Liquid Crystal Microdisplays (MicroLCDs)

RPTVs were less bulky when microdisplays replaced the CRTs. Light was beamed through tiny red, green and blue LCD panels approximately 1.5" diagonal, and each one was modulated with the pixel pattern for that color. Lenses enlarged the image. The Liquid Crystal over Silicon (LCoS) method reflected light back to color filters. See LCoS.

Digital Light Processing (DLP)

DLP reflects light from tiny pixel-sized mirrors. Also used in today's front-projection units, the technology uses either a single chip and color wheel (this example) or three chips with their own sets of mirrors and color filters. See DLP.

Copyright © 1981-2025 by The Computer Language Company Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Projection

 

a term in geometry used to refer to the following operation. Suppose an arbitrary point S in space (see Figure 1) is selected as the center of projection and a plane Π′ not passing through S is selected as the plane of projection, or image plane. In order to project the point A, the so-called preimage, on Π′ through the center of projection S, the line SA is extended to its intersection with Π′ at the point A′. The image point A′ is called the projection of A. The projection of a figure F is the set of the projections of all the figure’s points. A line not passing through the center of projection is projected into a line.

Figure 1

In the described type of projection, which is called a central projection, an important role is played by the choice of the center of projection S. A number of difficulties arise when points of a given plane Π are projected on the plane Π′ as in Figure 2. Π contains points that have no image in Π′. Such is the case for the point B when the projection line SB is parallel to Π′. To eliminate this difficulty, which is due to the properties of Euclidean space, elements at infinity, also called ideal elements, are

Figure 2

added to the space. In other words, the parallel lines BS and PA′ are assumed to intersect at a point at infinity B′. This point may then be considered as the image of the point B in Π′. Similarly, the point at infinity C is the preimage of the point C (see Figure 2). Thus, one-to-one correspondence defined by means of central projection can be established between the points of Π and the points of IT by introducing elements at infinity. Such a correspondence is called a perspective collineation.

The type of projection in which the center of projection is the point at infinity S_∞ (Figure 3) is of great practical importance. In this case, all the projection lines are parallel, and the projection is called a parallel projection. The one-to-one correspondence between the points of Π and the points of Π′ established by a parallel projection is called a perspective affinity.

The special type of parallel projection in which the plane Π is perpendicular to the direction of projection is widely used in drawing. Such a projection is called orthogonal.

Figure 3

Central and parallel—in particular, orthogonal—projections are widely used in descriptive geometry, and such different types of images as perspective images and axonometric images are obtained. Special types of projections on a plane, a sphere, or other surfaces are used in, for example, geography, astronomy, crystallography, and topography. Thus, cartographic projections include such types as gnomonic and stereographic projections.

Orthogonal projection of directed line segments is discussed in VECTOR CALCULUS.

N. F. CHETVERUKHIN

---

Projection

 

in psychology, the perception of one’s own mental processes as those of an external object, resulting from the unconscious transfer of internal impulses and feelings to that object. Projection plays an important role in the formation of the psyche in early childhood, when a child cannot clearly differentiate between himself and the external world. It is also the basis of archaic and anthropomorphic ideas about the world that characterize the early stages of development of human consciousness.

The onset of a number of mental diseases (paranoia, phobia, mania) is associated with pathological forms of projection. In these cases, perception of the external world is severely distorted, while the illusion of control over one’s own behavior is preserved. The mechanism of projection is used diagnostically in projective tests, such as the Rorschach test, to detect hidden motivations and stimuli.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.