Now consider the case where the Hall's term (J x B/ne) may be neglected and where the gradient of pressure term may be replaced by the product of a
scalar potential and the gradient of a different
scalar potential, a Euler potential term (we will return to this correspondence later in the article).
Quaternionic version of Dirac equation in the presence of vector and
scalar potential can be written with the help of [8] as
The Klein-Gordon equation is formed by two potentials coupling which are the four-vector potential (V(r)) and
scalar potential (S(r)).
The magnetic map may be considered the sum of a
scalar potential set assumed to be harmonic everywhere except above the ovens.
In some books and articles, the authors describe the magnetostatic field of magnetized bodies with the help of the
scalar potential [[phi].sub.m] which corresponds to the dipole model, and the magnetization [??] is used in the formulas for determining [[phi].sub.m].
This equation suffers from the low-frequency breakdown problem, because the contribution of the vector potential is swamped by that of the
scalar potential at low frequencies due to the finite machine precision.
where, [[rho].sub.0] is the density of proper mass in a distribution or system, [[nabla].sup.2] is the pure Euclidean Laplacian, G is the universal gravitational constant and f is the gravitational
scalar potential.
In conventional EEG the
scalar potential, obtained from current measurements, is recorded, and not the electric field.
Due to spherical symmetry of embryo and this fact that induced electrical field in mother body in z direction is constant, we have following equation (equation 1) for
scalar potential:
It can be shown that with the proper gauge, which is an extension of the simple Lorenz gauge [33] to inhomogeneous anisotropic media, the
scalar potential equation is decoupled from the vector potential equation [17].
Here, the Neumann relation is obtained by calculating the
scalar potential using Coulomb's law at the surface of the i-th wire caused by the charge in the j-th wire.