stimulant

stimulant

1. a drug or similar substance that increases physiological activity, esp of a particular organ

2. increasing physiological activity; stimulating

Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

stimulant

[′stim·yə·lənt]

(pharmacology)

A drug or agent that temporarily acts on muscles, nerves, or a sensory end organ, producing an increase in its state of activity.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Stimulant

 

a medicinal preparation used therapeutically to stimulate the sensory nerve endings of the skin and mucosa. The group of stimulants includes substances that are different in origin and chemical structure, for example, ammonia water and such volatile oils as oil of mustard, camphor, menthol, and oil of turpentine.

Stimulants are rubbed into or applied to the skin to weaken the inflammatory process in myositis, neuritis, and arthralgia. Bitters such as tincture of wormwood (absinthium tincture) and centaury are taken orally to stimulate the appetite. The receptors of the oral cavity perceive the sensation of the bitter taste of bitters, which induces a reflex intensification of the excitability of the feeding center and a subsequent increase in appetite. Steam from ammonia water irritates the sensory receptors of nasal mucosa, which causes a reflex intensification of the tone of the respiratory and vasomotor centers.

REFERENCES

Anichkov, S. V., and M. L. Belen’kii. Uchebnik farmakologii, 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1968.
Mashkovskii, M. D. Lekarstvennye sredstva, parts 1–2, 7th ed. Moscow, 1972.

V. V. CHURIUKANOV

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.