Prenatal diagnosis of persistent left
superior vena cava and its associated congenital anomalies.
Congenital anomalies of the
superior vena cava: a CT study.
Complications of permanent cardiac pacing in patients with persistent left
superior vena cava. Cardiology journal 2014; 21(2): 128-37.
In our study, the percentage of patients with underlying malign causes of
superior vena cava syndrome associated downhill varices was low (1.6%).
(3) Systemic venous blood from the
superior vena cava enters the pulmonary circulation for oxygenation via the bidirectional cavopulmonary connection.
Reinhold, "Differential diagnosis of left-sided thoracic venous catheters: case report of a persistent left
superior vena cava," Der Anaesthesist, vol.
The predictive factors for sternotomy include involvement of the posterior mediastinum, the extension of the goiter into the aortic arch, recurrent goiters, an ectopic thyroid,
superior vena cava obstruction, malignancy with local involvement, and emergent airway obstruction [1,2].
Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) syndrome is generally an uncommon but serious complication occurring in <0.1% of patients of pacemaker implantation.
Light, "The
superior vena cava syndrome: clinical characteristics and evolving etiology," Medicine, vol.
Initially, patient received "involved field radiation" for two days because of the bulky tumor size and
superior vena cava involvement.
[8] reported chylothorax secondary to obstruction of the
superior vena cava: a complication of the LeVeen shunt.
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome occurs due to mechanical obstruction of blood flow to the right atrium of the heart through SVC.