According to Vampire expert Abraham Van Helsing, in Dracula, vampires could affect the weather, within limits. Dracula most clearly demonstrated his powers in the fog and storm accompanying the movement of the Demeter, the ship that brought him to England. This element in vampire mythology was not present in the folkloric tradition. There, the vampire was seen in a much narrower perspective and was not assigned any powers to affect the weather. There was a tradition reported by Dimitrij Zelenin that the earth itself reacted to the burying of “unclean” bodies (such as potential vampires), not only by refusing to accept the body, but bringing bad weather, specifically cold and frost in the spring.
Just as the folkloric vampire could not change the weather, so the literary vampire both before and after Dracula possessed little ability in that direction. Apart from the weather accompanying the Demeter in the various Dracula movies, vampires have exercised little power in relation to weather, though weather frequently has had a significant role in novels and motion pictures to set atmosphere.
In Stephenie Meyer‘s novel, Twilight, and movie based on the book, the vampire family look forward to the next thunderstorm so they can play baseball. Since they hit the ball with super strength, the sound of the crack of thunder covers their activity and vampiric abilities.
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The weather in a dream often indicates the emotional undertone of the dreamer or of the matter that is the subject of the dream: storms and winds may represent conflict and aggression; rains or drizzling conditions, depression and sadness; rainbows and sunshine, hope and happiness.
the state of the atmosphere in a given place at a certain moment or during a limited period of time, such as a day, month, or year. The main trends in weather conditions over a long period of time are known as the climate. The meteorological elements that characterize weather include the pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air, the force and direction of the wind, the cloud cover, and the amount of sunshine. Atmospheric precipitation, visibility, and such phenomena as fog, snow storms, and thunderstorms also characterize weather. The understanding of weather has grown with the growth of economic activity. The development of aviation, for example, aided the understanding of weather in the free air and made such elements as visibility more important. Atmospheric precipitation, visibility, and such phenomena as fog, snowstorms, and thunderstorms also characterize weather. The understanding of weather has grown with the growth of economic activity. The development of aviation, for example, aided the understanding of weather in the free air and made such elements as visibility more important. Atmospheric turbulence, various electrical atmospheric phenomena, and the influx of solar radiation can be attributed to weather characteristics.
The weather undergoes continuous change on the earth’s surface. The change may be daily but can also be for a period of several days or even several minutes. Some changes are periodic and depend on the direct effect of solar radiation. Periodic changes are diurnal if they are affected by the earth’s rotation about its axis and annual if they are affected by the earth’s revolution around the sun. Diurnal variations in weather are especially pronounced close to the earth’s surface because changes in air temperature are dependent on the temperature of the earth’s surface. Humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, and wind are related, in turn, to air temperature. The amplitude of diurnal fluctuations in temperature, humidity, and wind velocity decreases rapidly with altitude. Annual variations in weather, manifested by the changing seasons, extend to high altitudes in both the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Nonperiodic changes in weather are especially significant in extratropical latitudes and are related to atmospheric circulation, that is, to the transfer of air masses to different regions of the earth (advection). In a given region, the transfer of air masses causes changes in the weather. The place of origin of the new air mass and its resulting physical properties affect air temperature and other meteorological elements of weather. Nonperiodic changes in weather also depend on ascending and descending air movements with accompanying adiabatic temperature changes that result in the development or decrease of cloudiness. The flow of cold, dry, and clear arctic air into Europe, for example, lowers the temperature, decreases the moisture content of the atmosphere, and increases visibility. Convection occurs when air is warmed by the earth. Cumulus clouds and brief showers result. The subsequent increasing pressure and descending air movements produce clear weather. In summer, this type of weather over a long period can lead to drought. In Europe, winter intrusions of air masses from the Atlantic cause mild overcast weather with resulting thaws and fog.
The nonperiodic changes in weather caused by the passage of atmospheric fronts, cyclones, and anticyclones are especially sharp. In zones where atmospheric fronts occur, ascending air movements form extensive cloud systems, which cause steady precipitation. In the tropics, cloud concentrations and abundant precipitation are caused by convection in the intertropical zone of air convergence, particularly during tropical cyclones, or hurricanes. The development and movement of cyclones and anticyclones move air masses considerable distances, which results in corresponding nonperiodic weather changes. These weather changes are caused by shifts in wind direction and velocity, with increasing or decreasing cloudiness. Other significant weather factors are small-scale vortices, such as waterspouts and tornadoes, and orographic air currents, such as foehns, boras, and drainage (for gravity) winds.
The intensity of nonperiodic changes in weather tends to diminish with altitude. However, even in the upper troposphere there are sharp intensifications of wind and turbulence due to jet streams. A record of jet streams is important for aviation.
Weather plays an important role in the economy and other aspects of man’s activity. This has resulted in the development of weather forecasting and the organization of a worldwide weather service to provide weather information and predictions.
S. P. KHROMOV