(self-designation, Brao or Plao), a group of tribes, considered to be among the oldest inhabitants of the Indochinese Peninsula. They live in southwestern Yünnan Province in China (the Kawa—population 330,000 in 1959), in northern Thailand (the Lawa—population 5,000), and in the mountainous regions of northeastern Burma (population, including the related Palaung tribes, is approximately 200,000). The Wa language, which is split into many dialects, belongs to the Mon branch of the Mon-Khmer languages. Their religion is animism; the worship of skulls, said to be the receptacles of the spirit-keeper, is widespread. Primitive communal relationships are preserved to a considerable extent among the Wa in the high-mountain regions. Women do the farming (slash-and-burn type), and men do the hunting. In the foothills and valley regions of Burma and China the Wa have gone over to the farming of arable lands.